花生果实发育过程中贮藏物质的积累与动态

ACCUMULATION AND VARIATION OF RESERVES DURING FRUIT DEVELOPMENT IN PEANUT

本文研究了花生果实发育过程中,在果皮、种皮和子叶内贮存物质,即淀粉、蛋白质、油脂的积累动态。果实的发育过程分为10个阶段。果皮和种皮在果实发育过程中是碳水化合物暂时贮存和转运的场所,果皮淀粉的积累高峰是在Ⅳ至Ⅴ阶段。而种皮淀粉积累高峰是在Ⅴ至Ⅵ阶段,二者均无蛋白质体和油滴的贮存,至第Ⅷ阶段果皮和种皮的淀粉粒已全部消失。当子叶原基形成时,已有淀粉粒积累,随子叶的发育、淀粉粒的数量和体积都逐渐增加,至成熟期(阶段Ⅸ)淀粉含量显著下降。蛋白质体和油滴积累较晚,约在Ⅵ至Ⅶ阶段,并随子叶的发育逐渐增多。

The accumulation and variation of starch grains, protein bodies and lipid reserved inthe pericarp, testa and cotyledon of the Arachis hypogaea L. during fruit development werestudied. The fruit development was divided into ten stages. Carbohydrates were reserved temporarily and transported in the pericarp and testa.The maximum starch accumulated in the pericarp was at stage IV to V and that in the testawas at stage V to Ⅵ, but protein bodies and lipid were not seen. At stage Ⅷ, the starchgrains all disappeared in the pericarp and testa. The accumulation of starch began at the stage of cotyledon primordium formation,and gradually increased during the cotyledon development, but the starch grains decreasedat the over-mature stage. The protein bodies and lipid in the cotyledons became visible approximately at stageVI to Ⅶ, and increased gradually during the maturation of the seed.