有机建筑的典范——西塔里埃森

A GOOD EXAMPLE OF ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE:TALIESIN WEST

有机建筑是赖特的著名理论,但是赖特从未提供过有机建筑的完整定义。1894年,赖特在一篇文章中首次提出有机建筑原则,他认为一幢建筑应当像是从场地上自然生长出来,如果场地环境特征明显,建筑的造型应当与环境保持和谐。1938年,赖特在亚利桑那州的菲尼克斯沙漠中建造了西塔里埃森,它是一所特殊的建筑学校,帐篷式的斜坡顶、未加油漆的红木屋架和倾斜的毛石墙与四周的山形互相呼应。西塔里埃森是按照自然法则建造的,不仅建筑本身是有机的整体而且与环境保持和谐,它把场地、材料、建造方法和建筑师的有机哲学结合在一起,并充分予以展现,是有机建筑的典范。

Organic Architecture is the famous theory of Frank Lloyd Wright,but Wright never offered a totally satisfying definition of this famous term.The principles of ＂organic architecture＂ first appeared in an article by Wright in 1894.He believes that a building should appear to grow easily from its site and be shaped to harmonize with its surroundings if Nature is manifest there.In 1938,Wright set up his Taliesin West,a special architecture school,in the desert of Phoenix of Arizona.The slope of the canvas roofs,the exposed redwood trusses,and the canted ＂desert stone＂ wall all echo the shapes of the surrounding mountains.It was built according to nature＇s principles：harmonious in all its parts with the environment,it expresses and unifies all the factors calling it into being site,materials,construction methods,and architect＇s organic philosophy.It is a good example of organic architecture.