杭州朝晖社区产褥期母婴健康问题与对策

Healthy Problems and Corresponding Measures for Puerperaes and Infants in Puerperium in Zhaohui Community of Hangzhou

目的了解社区产褥期母婴存在的主要问题,探索适合本地的产褥期促进母婴健康的护理模式。方法自行设计问卷,对杭州朝晖社区99例产褥期产妇进行结构性问卷调查,内容包括母婴存在的产褥期健康问题、遇到问题时将会求助的部门及途径等。结果本组纯母乳喂养率仅46%,主要与产妇乳汁不足有关;产妇存在乳汁不足与乳汁淤积的分别有46%、16%,新生儿存在的主要问题是湿疹(35%)、红臀(25%)。产褥期保健知识主要来源于住院期间医护人员指导,来源于社区卫生服务中心仅21%;在产褥期遇到健康问题时,90%以上的产妇会求助分娩的医院和社区卫生服务中心,主要的方式是就诊。结论受访者产褥期保健知识来源的途径比较局限,其获得的保健信息不足或者还存在有错误的信息,所以产褥期母婴存在不少健康问题,并希望从社区卫生服务中心得到有效的服务。可借鉴英国社区护理经验,加强社区、医院联系,建立孕产妇家庭健康访视机制,使之获得便捷、经济、有效的母婴健康促进服务。

Objective To understand major problems occurred in puerperium of puerperaes and infants and to discuss nursing model fitting for the community. Methods A self-designed structured questionnaire was employed. Results Because of lacto inadequacy, only 46% puerperaes breastfed completely. Galactostasis and lacto inadequacy occurred in 16% and 46% of puerperaes respectively. In neonates, red buttock and eczema occurred 25% and 35% respectively. 21% of puerperaes obtained information from community health center and 90% of puerperaes would turned to puerperal hospital and community health center. Conclusion There are only limited ways for puerperaes to obtain information, even misleading information, which contributing to a variety of healthy problems occurred in puerperium. Effective service from health service centers of community are expected. Community nursing experience from England, that is, strengthening relationship between community health service center and hospitals, establishing interview system for pregnant and puerpera are recommended so as to offer convenient and economic service.