碳酸盐黑钙土改良培肥技术研究

Amendment and Fertilization Technology of Carbonate Chernozem

针对黑龙江省西部地区土壤旱时板结僵硬、涝时粘朽、蓄水保墒能力下降的现状,开展了碳酸盐黑钙土改良培肥技术研究。结果表明:采用增施有机肥、秸秆还田、优化施肥等技术可明显改善碳酸盐黑钙土的物理性质,提高玉米产量。各处理较当地常规施肥田间持水量增加3.2%～8.1%,土壤孔隙度增加7.4%～11.3%,土壤容重降低0.07～0.10 g/cm3,玉米产量增加199.9～2 135.8 kg/hm2。增施有机肥对土壤物理性质改良效果最好,增施有机肥和优化施肥增产显著。

According to the serious situations of soil hardening and stiffness while drought,sticky and senile while flooded,and the ability of soil water preserving technique dropped in the west of Heilongjiang,the carbonate chernozems fertility-improving technique was studied.The result showed that adoption of such techniques as adding organic manure,returning straws to the fields and optimizing the fertilization could significantly improve the physical characteristics of the carbonate chernozems and increase the yield of corn.Compared normal fertilization in the local regions,other treatments increased the field water-preservation rate by 3.2%～8.1%,increased the soil porosity by 7.4%～11.3%,decreased the soil volume weight by 0.07～0.10 g/cm3 and increased the corn yield by 199.9～2 135.8 kg/hm2.The effect of adding organic manure was the best in improving the physical characteristics of soil.Moreover,adding organic manure and optimizing the fertilization increased the yield of grains significantly.