艺术的异质空间与快乐的悲剧精神——评叶芝的《天青石》

Heterocosm of Art and Tragic Spirit of Gaiety——On William Butler’s Lapis Lazuli

在叶芝的诗歌创作中相对独立于此在世界的永恒艺术异质空间一直是他关注的焦点,他在其晚年诗作《天青石》中再次对这一问题做了集中探讨。在这首意义深邃堪称杰作的诗歌中,叶芝回答了西方文艺中的核心问题即诗人的作用、艺术世界与现实世界的关系等诗学问题,指出了艺术世界的自足性,探讨了尼采悲剧的意义上的快乐精神,揭示了艺术发展循环演进的历史轨迹以及艺术永恒等主题,为艺术精神追求的异质空间找到了存在的家园,因此叶芝的诗歌里流露出强烈的浪漫主义主题和风格??在想象的艺术世界中超越现实世界。

The eternal utopia world or hetercosm of art has preoccupied Yeats as a constant thematic concern in his poems, and this has been refocused upon in his later poem Lapis Lazuli. More than this, the tragic spirit of gaiety in Nietzsche＇s sense has been explored throughout the poem. Yeats defends the role played by poem as a representative art with special reference to the tragedy via the elaboration upon the tragic spirit of gaiety. He expounds the evolution of history with art as a typical case through his construction and deconstruction cycle assumption. The crux of Dionysiac spirit lies in typical Shakespeare＇s tragedy as well as the carving on the lapis lazuli. The poem is therefore characterized with Romantic style highlighting the transcendence over the present world.