从《贝姨》看巴尔扎克的人性观

Balzac’s Viewpoint on Human Nature:Taking La Cousine Bette as an Example

巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》塑造了两、三千个人物,刻画了人性之千形万象、妍媸美丑。但对于巴尔扎克的人性观,历来缺乏研究。笔者在分析了其晚期的一部重要著作《贝姨》,并参照了他在另外一些作品中反映出来的观点之后认为,巴尔扎克并不是一个性恶论者,而是坚持性无善恶论,即人性非善也非恶。但有趋恶的倾向,趋恶之动力来自于私欲,社会环境对人性发展有重要影响,坚定纯洁的信仰有助于使人向善。

Balzac’s La Comédie humaine has created thousands of characters and presented many kinds of humanity. However, it’s a pity that Balzac’s view of human nature has always been a lack of research. In this article, the writers try to draw a new conclusion based on the analysis of La Cousine Bette, one important work of his later writings and the reference of his other works： Balzac thinks that human nature has no difference of good and evil, but tends to evil because of the existence of the lust and social environment has a great impact on the development of human nature and a firm belief in purity helps make a virtuous person.