龙眼传粉昆虫种类及其传粉活动与温度的关系

Study on the Species of Pollination Insects of Longan and the Relationship between Their Pollination Activity and Temperature

以随机网捕方式采集传粉昆虫进行鉴定,选择不同天气类型观察蜂类和蝇类等传粉昆虫在龙眼花穗上的活动情况,并通过架设防虫网研究龙眼传粉的主导因子。结果表明,龙眼主要传粉媒介为昆虫,传粉昆虫有3目9科17种,其中以蜂类和蝇类个体数量最多,分别占总数的73.3%和20.6%。蜂和蝇类昆虫在龙眼花穗上的活动主要受温度影响,蜂类访花的适宜温度在25～30℃之间;蝇类在20.0℃开始访花并随温度升高访花次数增多,超过30.5℃访花次数减少。不同天气类型对蜂和蝇类昆虫访花活动也有影响,在晴天条件下蜂和蝇类昆虫访花次数较多,并且在花穗上的活动时间较长。

The main factors affecting pollination of longan （Dimocarpus longgana Lour.） were studied by identifying the pollination insects which were collected randomly with insect net, and by the insect activities on longan flowers under different weathers. It was revealed that insects played a main role in the pollination of longan. The pollinating insects consisted of 17 species from 3 orders and 9 families, among them bees were the most important （73.3%）, followed by flies （20.6%）. The activity of bees and flies was mainly affected by temperature. The suitable temperature for bees to visit flowers was 25-30 ℃. But flies began to visit flowers at 20.0 ℃ and the times of visiting flowers increased with temperature rise. When temperature exceeded 30.5 ℃, the times would reduce. Different weathers also influenced insects＂ activity on flowers. On sunny days, the activity time of bees and flies was long.