论民国时期的公民概念及其公民教育

The concept of citizen and the education for citizen cultivation in the Republic of China

从臣民到公民,反映了民国时期人们关于"公民"观念的进步。辛亥革命推出了"天下为公"的理念,"臣民"的概念由此退出民国法律体系。如何培养公民?教育家开出了一剂良药——公民教育,这显然属于社会教育的高端走势。在长达半个世纪的时间里,中国虽然完成了从臣民到公民宪法文本意义上的概念转换,但公民教育依然薄弱,公民观念并未能深入人心,也未能铲除国民的奴隶根性,更未形成公民文化传统,公民教育任重道远。

The transition of Chinese people from subjects to citizens reflects that Chinese people knew more about the concept of ＂citizen＂. With the spread of the idea that ＂all under heaven are equal＂ through the Revolution of 1911, the concept of ＂subjects＂ gradually disappeared in the system of law of Republic of China. However, how to turn people into citizens？ The educationists put forward a good method, namely education for citizen cultivation, which is apparendy the higher level of so- cial education. During half a century, although China has succeeded in transforming the concept of subject to citizen in constitutional meaning, education for citizen cultivation is still weak, the con- cept of citizen still does not take root in the hearts of Chinese people, the deep rooted servility has not been uprooted yet, and the culture of being citizens is far from being formed. Thus, the education for citizen cultivation still has a long way to go.