大陆法系对新中国法的影响——具体考察从苏联到中国的路径

INFLUENCE OF CONTINENTAL LAW SYSTEM ON THE NEW LAW OF CHINA——A EXPLORATION ABOUT THE LAW SYSTEMS FROM SOVIET UNION TO CHINA

大陆法系对近代中国法律的发展产生过深远的影响,1949年之后新中国法律的发展主要表现为移植苏联的法律理念和法律模式。苏联法律保留俄罗斯帝国以来一直传承的大陆法系的特征,因此,新中国对大陆法系的继受主要表现为通过模仿苏联法律而实现。苏联社会主义的性质对大陆法系的改造亦被中国全盘继受,大陆法系作为世界上最重要的法律体系之一,其传播过程体现出与各国法文化的融合。苏联对新中国法律的影响也体现中国法制成长的历程,从照搬到吸纳,法律文化的碰撞与交融为中国法制现代化建设提供了宝贵经验。

The continental law system has exerted great influence on the development of Chinese law in modern times. After the year 1949, Chinese law mainly transplanted the concept and mode of law from Soviet Union, which has maintained the features of continental law system since the Russian Empire. Therefore, China＇s inheritance of continental law system was manifested in her imitation of the law of Soviet Union and the acceptance of the reform of the continental law system by socialist Soviet Union. The spread of continental law system, one of the most important law systems in the world, integrates the law cultures of different countries. Under Soviet＇s influence, the Chinese law system grows and develops from indiscriminate imitation to partial absorption. The clash and integration of law cultures offers precious experience for the modernization of Chinese law system.