科学世界的话语建构:马尔凯话语分析研究纲领探析

The Discourse Construction of the Scientific World:A Research on Mulkay's DA

迈克尔·马尔凯(Michael Mulkay)创立的话语分析研究纲领,是科学知识社会学领域中与宏观利益学派、实验室学派并列的三大流派之一。与传统话语分析模式(如默顿结构功能功能主义话语分析模式、普赖斯科学计量学模式)及其它一些SSK学者(如科林斯的论坛分析范式、谢廷娜网络分析模式)将特定性质的科学话语(正式的或非正式的)作为可靠的信息源不同,话语分析研究纲领将科学话语视为一种分析的议题。以"解释的扩展难题"为引子,话语分析研究纲领从主体维度、文本维度、规范维度、史学维度四个层面构建了科学话语与科学世界之间的修辞关联模型,表明了科学话语作为科学文化与实践的"行动者"特质,并解构了科学话语与科学实在之间的同一性观点,成为再审视传统社会学及前期科学知识社会学的重要视角。

The school of DA which is founded by Michael Mulkay is one of the three branches of SSK.Different from the conventional scientific discourse analysis modes and modes of some SSK researches,DA regard scientific discourse as the analytical subjects rather than the reliable data,this idea is unique from other schools.With ＂explanation expansion problem＂ as the starting point,DA construct the rhetoric related model between scientific discourse and the scientific world from the four following aspects： the aspect of subject,the aspect of text,the aspect of norm,the aspect of literature.With the new model,DA points that scientific discourse is the actor of the scientific world,and DA also deconstruct the identity of scientific discourse and the scientific reality.