“智能”的界定——心理学与心灵哲学的探究

Definition of Intelligence——Studies on Psychology and Philosophy of Mind

"智能"的界定是所有智能研究中不可回避的基础理论问题。但是,这一问题的重要性却被人工智能等具体学科中的诸多成就所淹没,引发了众说纷纭的"智能"。这一现象业已成为阻碍智能的相关研究前进的绊脚石。从最早研究智能的心理学、哲学的研究成果来看,有效区分各种形式的"智能"应成为共识。"智能"在本质上指向的是具有特定内在结构的物质体在特定环境中显现出的自主性特征。

Definition of ＇intelligence＇ is a basic theory issue which is inevitable in all the intelligence research.But the importance of this issue was overshadowed by many achievements in special disciplines such as artificial intelligence,causing kinds of concept for ＇intelligence＇ appeared.This phenomenon has been the block of development on intelligence research.The achievements of psychology and philosophy in intelligence in the earliest studies suggested that distinguish kinds of ＇intelligence＇ effectively should reach consensus.The essentially direction of ＇intelligence＇ is autonomy character revealed by material which has special inner structure in environment.