甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞、腺瘤细胞和癌细胞的原子力显微镜观察

In site observation of the normal thyroid follicular cells,adenoma cells and malignant cells with atomic force microscopy

【目的】应用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy,AFM)观察甲状腺正常滤泡上皮细胞、腺瘤细胞和癌细胞的细胞膜表面纳米级超微结构,旨在为临床甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断难点寻找帮助。【方法】以甲状腺正常细胞和肿瘤性细胞为研究对象,其中腺瘤组织、腺癌组织作为两个试验组,肿瘤旁正常甲状腺组织作为对照组。采用细胞印片法获取各组甲状腺细胞(每组各3000个),应用AFM(轻敲模式)扫描各组细胞并利用软件自动分析系统进行分析。【结果】(1)AFM扫描后图像分析结果:正常甲状腺细胞表面的隆起较光滑,分布均匀、形状规则,排列疏密适中;腺瘤细胞表面的隆起较正常细胞粗糙,分布不均匀、形状渐不规则,排列开始紊乱,隆起物之间的裂隙呈"沟渠状",裂隙间相互贯通;癌细胞的膜表面则更加粗糙,隆起物分布更加不均匀、形状极不规则,有的隆起呈"尖刀状",还有的隆起呈"馒头状",排列已经参差不齐,隆起物之间的裂隙比腺瘤细胞增宽,呈"沟壑状",其宽度和高度均明显增加。(2)各组细胞膜表面重要参数比较结果:各组细胞膜表面的平均粗糙度、平均峰高度、平均凹陷深度和表面积差值的比较均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。【结论】AFM从纳米级水平为我们提供了一条临床诊断的新思维,使AFM在临床甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤良恶性鉴别方面有可能成为具有一定诊断价值的辅助诊断工具。

[Objective] To observe membrane surface ultrastructure of the normal thyroid follicular cells, adenoid tumor cells and malignant cells with atomic force microscopy （AFM） and supply a guide for the differential diagnosis of the benign and malignant tumors of thyroid. [Methods] As normal thyroid follicular cells , adenoma cells and malignant cells （each three thousands） for the study objects, these three samples were scanned and analyze with software analyzing system. [ Results ] （1）These three cells displayed obvious difference when scanning with AFM . Normal thyroid cell surface swellings had more smooth, more uniform distribution, and more regulating shapes with appropriate spacing. The swellings of adenoma cell surface had more rough and had gradually uneven, irregular shapes with some disorders. The cracks between swellings were ＂ditch-like＂ and inter-communicating for each other. And cancer cells had more rough surfaces, the distribution were uneven and with very irregular shapes, some swellings were ＂knife-like＂, and other swellings were ＂steamed bread-like＂ . The alinement were very confused and the cracks between the swellings were more widened than adenoma cells and seems like ＂ravine＂ . The width and height of the swellings were significantly increased .（2） Using SPSS 11.5 statistical analysis software to analyze the measured membrane surface mean roughness, average max peak height, average maximum depth and surface area difference data, the results told us that the three had all relatively significant differences in the average surface roughness, average max peak height, average maximum depth and surface area difference . [Conclusion] AFM offers us a new thingking on the clinical diagnosis by morphology and a possible tool on the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors of thyroid in the future.