载人火星探测飞行方案

Program and scenario of manned spaceflight to Mars

对世界各国载人火星探测的研究情况进行了简要综述,研究了国内外有关载人火星探测飞行方案,提出了载人火星探测方案确定的原则和方案基本思想.给出了一种载人火星探测飞行方案的总体设计,包括飞行轨道方案和载人火星飞船方案等.尤其对轨道设计的重要的两个参数——速度增量和飞行时间进行了详细计算.最后给出了飞行轨道选择、火星飞船从地球到火星和从火星返回地球等的轨道方案和火星飞船各组成部分方案的详细设计结果.

A brief overview of research progress about manned spaceflight to Mars program in several countries was given.Investigation of some domestic and international programs and scenario of manned spaceflight to Mars was put up.Some fundamental and basic ideas about determination of future manned spaceflight to Mars were put forward.One of programs and scenario of general design,including trajectory and spaceship of manned spaceflight to Mars was discussed and put out.Especially,more important parameters of the total mission energy required and the total mission duration of the trajectory in several mission windows were calculated.The detail results of trajectory design,including transfer Mars injection,Mars orbit insertion,Mars surface descent,Mars surface ascent,transfer Earth injection,Earth orbit insertion and reentry Earth,and Mars spaceship design,including propulsion module,transfer habitation module,Mars landing module and Earth reentry capsule were obtained.