垂体脓肿的诊断与治疗

Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary abscess

目的 探讨垂体脓肿的临床表现及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析6例垂体脓肿的诊治资料,并复习相关文献.结果 6例患者中,头痛5例、垂体功能低下4例、视力下降和/或颞侧偏盲4例、发热1例.MRI或cT检查5例有病灶周边环形强化.术前诊断为垂体腺瘤3例,颅咽管瘤1例,垂体脓肿2例.1例经颅手术,5例经蝶手术.术后均静脉滴注抗生素治疗3周.所有病例术后症状缓解,随访8个月至10年,1例经颅手术者2年后复发改行经蝶手术而治愈,5例经蝶手术者无复发.结论 垂体脓肿易误诊,对鞍区囊性病变应怀疑有垂体脓肿的可能.及早经蝶手术及围手术期合理使用抗生素是垂体脓肿治疗的关键.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and treatments of pituitary abscess.Method The clinical data of 6 patients with pituitary abscess were examed along with a review of the literature.Results Of 6 patients,headache was presented in 5 patients,hypopituitarism in 4 patients,visual disturbance and/or bitemporal hemianopsia in 4 patients and fever in 1 patient.MRI and CT images showed a cystic sellar lesion with ring enhancement in 5 patients.Preoperative diagnosis of pituitary abscess was made in 2 patients,pituitary adenomas in 3 patients and craniopharyngiomas in 1 patient.All cases were treated surgically by transsphenoidal approach in 5 patients and transscranial in 1 patient.Followed with postoperative antibiotics therapy for 3 weeks,the symptoms were improved postoperatively in all cases.Followed up 8 months to 10 years,1 patient who underwent craniotomy recurred and wag cured by via transsphenoidal surgery.Conclusions The pituitary abscess is easily misdiagnosed.The cystic pituitary lesion should be considered the possibility of pituitary abscess.Transsphenoidal surgery and proper perioperative antibiotics therapy are the keys to the treatment of pituitary abscess.