孕期蛋白质、脂肪及碳水化合物的摄入与妊娠糖尿病发病的关系

The relationship of intake of protein,fat and carbohydrate with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women

目的探讨孕期蛋白质、脂肪及碳水化合物的摄入与妊娠糖尿病(GDM)发病的关系,为GDM的防治提供科学依据。方法采用病例对照研究的方法 ,收集54例GDM患者及191名对照组人群(NC组)的膳食摄入情况。分析膳食因素与GDM发病的关系。结果协方差分析显示,GDM组蛋白质摄入量、蛋白质供能比例、动物蛋白质、动物蛋白比率及饱和脂肪酸比例高于NC组(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸比例及P/S值低于NC组(P<0.05)。结论孕妇增加多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量、减少蛋白质(尤其是动物蛋白质)及饱和脂肪酸摄入量,可以降低GDM的发病风险。

Objective To explore association of intake of protein, fat and carbohydrate with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of GDM. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. 54 cases of GDM and 191 controls were investigated. Dietary data for pregnant women were collected by 24-hour recall method. Results Analysis of covariance shows that protein intake and %, anirnol protein intake（and %） and saturated fatty acid % of total fat in GDM group were significinant higher than in control group （P〈0.05）. Polyunsaturated fatty acid % of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acid % of total fat, and P/S rafio was lower in GDM group than in control group （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Increased intakes of polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturate fat,and decreased intakes of saturated fat, protein intake and animol protein intake were associated with reduced GDM incidence during pregnance.