长期不同施肥对红壤旱地肥力的影响

Effect of Different Long-term Fertilization on the Fertility of Red Upland Soil

通过长期不同施肥对红壤旱地肥力影响的定位研究,发现施肥耕作18年后,施用有机肥料不但增加了土壤可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,而且也增加了功能性微生物的数量;秸秆还田抑制真菌的生长,对反硝化细菌、好气性纤维素分解菌和好气性自生固氮菌的生长也没有促进作用。长期施肥耕作可提高土壤养分含量,其效果以有机肥料与化学肥料配合施用最为显著,长期施用化学氮磷钾肥料,导致土壤盐基饱和度下降、土壤pH下降1.1个单位,土壤酸化。在红壤地区旱地现有生产水平下,长期单施有机肥料可以保持土壤肥力稳定和逐步提高。

The effects of long-term fertilization on the fertility of red upland soil were studied.The quantity of culturable bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in soil were increased by the application of organic manure after 18 years cultivation,and the quantity of functionality microbe in the soil were also increased.The growth of fungi in the soil was influenced by the treatment of straw return to the field（NPKS）.That was no benefit to the growth of denitrifying bacteria,aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria and aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.The soil nutrients content were increased by the application of long term fertilization,especially by the application of long term manure combing with chemical fertilizer（NPKM）.The base saturation（BS） and pH in the soil declined after application of long term chemical fertilizer（NPK）.The pH in the soil was reduced by 1.1 and the soil was acidification.The soil fertility were keep stable and increased gradually by the application of long term manure（M） in the current production levels in upland red soil region.