河北山前平原高产田冬小麦土壤微生物学特性的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Soil Microbiological Properties of High-yield Field in Piedmont Plain of Hebei Province during Winter Wheat Period

以河北山前平原现有高产田和周边常规农田为研究对象,对秸秆还田条件下冬小麦生长季土壤酶及微生物特征指标的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,现有高产田土壤生物学性状良好,高产田0-40 cm土层内:土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性和土壤微生物量磷在冬小麦生长旺盛期显著高于常规农田(P<0.05)。高产田蔗糖酶活性在扬花期达到最大,为5.49 mg/g,磷酸酶活性在拔节期最大,为30.63 mg/g,微生物量磷最大值出现在收获期,为109.2 mg/g;土壤过氧化氢酶活性和微生物量碳、氮总体高于常规农田;脲酶活性则低于常规农田。土壤呼吸商最大值出现在常规农田收获期,为0.3,高产田土壤微生物对秸秆的利用情况也优于常规农田。

Dynamic changes of soil enzyme activities and microbiological indicators were investigated in high-yield fields and conventional fields with straw returning in piedmont plain of Hebei province during the winter wheat growing periods.The results showed that the high-yield fields had good soil microbiological properties.Invertase activitiy,phosphatase activitiy and microbial biomass phosphorus in soil of high-yield fields were significant higher than those of conventional fields in 0-40 cm soil layer（P0.05） in bloom stage,and the maximum invertase activitiy was 5.49 mg/g in florescence,the highest phosphatase activitiy was 30.63 mg/g in shoot-elongation stage,the biggest microbial biomass phosphorus was 109.22 mg/g in harvesting stage.Catalase activitiy,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil of high-yield fields were higher than those of conventional fields,but urease activitiy showed the reverse trend.The soil respiration quotient was highest at 0.3 in harvesting stage of conventional fields.The decomposition of straw by soil microbes in highyield fields was better than that of conventional fields.