不同覆盖和耕作方式对紫色土坡耕地降雨土壤蓄积量的影响

Influence of Mulching and Tillage Methods on the Rainfall Storage by Soil in Purple Soil Area

利用模拟径流小区随机区组试验,在自然降雨条件下定量研究了覆盖和耕作方式对玉米全生育期雨水蓄积量的影响。结果表明:在不采取覆盖措施的条件下,雨水土壤蓄积量的顺序为:横坡分带耕作>横坡垄作>顺坡垄作>平作,横坡分带耕作是适用于四川盆地紫色土旱坡地的高效节水农耕措施,平作不利于该区域玉米抗旱稳产。秸秆覆盖能够显著提高雨水的土壤蓄积量,提高降雨有效性,是适用于该区域的节水抗旱农艺措施。地膜覆盖增加雨水土壤蓄积量的效果不如秸秆覆盖显著,但地膜覆盖能够减少土壤水的无效的蒸发,在玉米生育前期还能提高地温,促进玉米生长,其增产效果较秸秆覆盖好。

By the methods of random and simulating plots experiment,under the natural rainfall situation,the influence of mulching and tillage methods on the rainfall storage by soil was studied.The results show that： with out mulching and plastic film,the ranking of rainfall storage by soil was： tillage in strip along contourridged along contourridged down and upflat tillage.Tillage in strip along contour was the effective water saving tillage method of purple soil in Sichuan basin.Flat tillage made corn against fighting a drought.Rainfall storage by soil was increased remarkably by mulching;mulching was water saving agronomy method of purple soil area.The effect of plastic film on rainfall storage by soil was smaller than the effect of mulching,but mulching can control the null evaporation and improve the soil temperature,and accelerate corn growing,so plastic film improves corn yield higher than mulching.