清代京师普济堂考

Textual research on Capital＇ s Puji Tang （ Relief Houses） in the Qing Dynasty

普济堂始创于1706年，具有济贫和医药抚恤功能，并因此得到清代皇帝的支持。作为清代医药抚恤机构的代表，普济堂从一个民间医药抚恤机构逐渐发展成为一个全国性的，具有政府背景的医药抚恤机构，也从一个民间慈善机构逐渐转变为政府机构。由于清朝国力的衰减以及自身所存在的一些问题，普济堂在1907年最终由社会医药抚恤机构转变为劳动教养机构。

Puff Tang （Relief Houses） was established in 1706 with the function of helping the poor, comforting and compensating people by medicine, therefore, which was supported by the Emperors of the Qing Dynasty. As a representation of medical relief organization of the Qing Dynasty, Puff Tang was de- veloped from a folk relief organization to a government national organization. Because of the declination of the Qing Empire and the problems within its own organization, Puff Tang changed finally to an organization of reeducation through labor in 1907.