草莓畸形果的胚胎学研究

Embryological Study of the Fruit Malformed in Strawberry

在草莓生产中，有的品种（如戈雷拉）常产生青顶等畸形果现象，严重影响果品质量。本研究以“戈雷拉”（畸形）和“小实”（正常）品种为材料，从胚胎学方面进行比较，探讨畸形果产生的原因。结果如下：１）切片观察表明，两品种相比，草莓各部位的胚发育是不同步的，从下而上具有一定的时序性，其中“小实”的差异较小，而“戈雷拉”差异明显。观察表明，“戈雷拉”位于花托顶端雌蕊的花柱结构异常，致使顶部的胚珠不能受精结实。２）分析两品种间花粉的散发量、花粉生活力、花粉萌发力以及花粉管的伸长速度等方面，“戈雷拉”均明显低于“小实”品种。综上结果认为，造成“戈雷拉”畸形果的产生，可能有多种原因，但上述原因可认为是产生顶部不结实，致使后期花托内生长素含量不同，从而造成果顶生长缓慢的主要原因。

It would seriously affect fruit quality in strawberry production because of the appearance of malformation fruit with green apex in some cultivars(e.g. Gelila). In this research, the causes of the formation of malformation fruit were investigated by comparative embryological analysis using Gelila(malformed) and Xiaoshi(normal) as materials. The embryo development in different regions of fruit was asynchronous,there existed timing diversity from bottom site to apical site. The timing diversity in Gelila was more significantly than that in Xiaoshi, in addition, the abnormal pistillary at the apex of receptacle caused those apical ovules not to fertilize and fruit. Results showed that it was markedly lower in Gelila than in Xiaoshi by compring the number of sent out pollens, the viability and germination capacity of pollens and the speed of pollen tube growth. There were probably many factors to cause malformation fruit in Gelila, but the results suggested that the causes above were primary to form