不同养殖结构鱼塘能量生态学研究

ECOLOGY STUDY OF ENERGY IN FISH PONDS OF DIFFERENT CULTURING STRUCTURE

本文从养鱼池塘生态系统能量利用各环节，分析了两种不同养殖结构鱼塘的生态学能量利用效率。主养草食性鱼类池塘，其输入的总补助能、光合能、生物能的转换效率分别为９．８６％、６．９２％、１０．１０％；其生产吨鱼消耗的总补助能、光合能、生物能分别为４６．６４ＧＪ、６６．４６ＧＪ、４５．５４ＧＪ。而对于主养滤食性鲢、鳙的池塘，其对应的指标分别为８．４３％、３．７５％、８．６６％、４６．９９ＧＪ、１０５．５２ＧＪ、４５．７３ＧＪ。由于池塘生产结构的差异，滤食性鲢、鳙对太阳能的利用率在不同池塘中有差异，但由初级生产力到滤食性鱼类产量其净转换效率在不同养殖结构池塘中基本相同，主养草食性鱼类池塘为１．４５％；主养滤食性鲢、鳙的池塘为１．４３％。根据生态－经济综合指标ＥＹ值判断，主养草食性鱼类的池塘生产方式优于以滤食性鱼类为主的生产方式。

This paper analyzes the energy utilization efficiency on every section in different main cultivated fish ponds. In the pond of main cultivated grass carp, its transforming efficiency of the total supplement energyphotosynthetic energy and creature energy were 9.86%, 6.92% and 10.10% respectively. Meanwhile, the consumed energy of culturing one ton fish yield was 46.64GJ, 66.46GJ and 45.54GJ respectively. In the pond of main cultivated silver carp and big head carp, the appropriate data were 8.43%, 3.75%, 8.66%, 46.99GJ, 105.52GJ, 45.73GJ respectively. As the difference of main function in two ponds, there was some diversity for utilization the radiation by silver carp and big head carp. The net conversion efficiency was almost equal, which was from the primary productivity to the crops of the filtered food fish. The coefficient was 1.45% and 1.43% in main culturing grass carp fish pond and in main culturing silver carp and big head carp fish ponds. Based on the ecoeconomic index EY, the producing s