中华绒螯蟹小核糖核酸病毒病及其组织病理学

A PICORNAVIRUS DISEASE AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS

本文对所谓“抖抖病”的中华绒螯蟹病蟹病因进行了分析研究。经电镜观察，病蟹的心脏、腹神经节、鳃、肠和肝胰腺组织中存在着球状病毒粒子，病毒无囊膜，直径为２８～３２ｎｍ左右，分布在细胞浆内，不形成包涵体。从病毒形态和染色反应特性确定该病毒为小ＲＮＡ病毒科（Ｐｉｃｏｒｎａｖｉｒｉｄａｅ）病毒。经人工注射病蟹组织浆除菌上清液，被感染的健康蟹出现与自然发病蟹步足严重抖动等完全一样的症状，表明病蟹中的小ＲＮＡ病毒为该病病原。病蟹病理特征为：细胞肿大，核溶解或固缩，线粒体肿大、嵴断裂、扭曲或坏死溶解。病变最严重的区域，组织细胞坏死崩解成一片无结构的物质。

The cause of Eriocheir sinensis disease, which was called as Trembling Disease by the fish farmers, was studied. Examination by electron microscopy showed that there were a numbers of viral particles in the tissues of heartabdominal nerve gangliongillintestine and hepatopancreas and there was no envelope outside virion. The diameter of virion was approxinately from 28nm to 30nm. Virions occurred in the cytoplasm and did not form the inclusion body. According to the characters of viral morphology and dyeability, the virus belonged to Picornaviridae. The healthy Eriocheir sinensis after injected with filtered fluid from ground tissues of diseased Eriocheir sinensis] appeared the same symptom of legs trembling as that of the natural diseased one. This result confirmed that the picornavirus was pathogen of the disease. The histopathological changes:cells oedema, karyolysis or karyopyknosis, mitochondria oedema, mitochondria cristae brokencurved and necrolysis. The necrotic cells became the substanc