低温环境下车用起动电机的匹配研究

Experimental Study on Matching of Vehicle Engine Starter Under Low Temperature

分析了低温工况下车用起动系统的主要影响因素;结合发动机的起动阻力矩、最低起动转速、电机工作特性、起动系统传动系数和电机热效应等因素,确定了起动电机的最大输出功率;考察了极板结构、电解液温度对蓄电池容量的影响;总结了起动阻力矩与起动电机功率、蓄电池容量之间的匹配公式;测量了起动阻力矩随环境温度、起动转速的变化规律。结果表明:减少板极厚度、增加板极高度、适当提高电解液密度,可提高蓄电池容量;在相同的环境温度下,起动阻力矩随起动转速的提高而增大,当转速高于170r/min时,转速每提高50r/min,起动阻力矩增加3～8N.m;当环境温度低于0℃、转速不变时,环境温度每降低5℃,起动阻力矩增加2.5N.m.

The main influencing factors on the vehicle＇s starter under low temperature were analyzed;the maximum output power was determined according to starting resistance torque,minimum start-up speed,electrical operating characteristics,transmission coefficient and thermal effect.The influences of plate structure and electrolyte temperature on battery capacity were reviewed,the match formula among starting resistance torque,starter motor power and storage battery capacity was summarized,and the changes of starting resistance torque with ambient temperature and the start-up speed were measured.The results show that the environment temperature decreases by 5℃,the starting resistance torque increases by 2.5N]DK]·m as speed keeping constant,and if the speed reaches above 170r/min,an increase of 50r/min results in an increase of 3～8N·m of the starting resistance torque.