大豆抗营养因子对鸡胸腺、胰腺和小肠影响的研究

STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS ON THE THYMUS,PANCREAS AND SMALL INTESTINES OF CHICKENS

本试验采用不同生大豆含量（０％、４％、９％、１３％）日粮分４组饲喂２周龄雏鸡，对大豆抗营养因子对鸡胸腺、胰腺和小肠的影响进行了研究。结果表明：（１）各试验组鸡在不同时期胸腺皮质和髓质及其淋巴细胞数量和分布与对照组比较无明显差异，无明显病理学损害。（２）各试验组鸡胰腺重量增加，在第８、１３周龄１３％生大豆日粮组与４％、对照组差异显著（Ｐ＜００５），９％组与对照组差异亦显著（Ｐ＜００５）；第１８周龄１３％组与对照组差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）。镜检各试验组鸡胰腺细胞体积增大和数量不同程度增加，且可见有轻微空泡变性。（３）各试验组鸡小肠结构均有不同程度损害，表现为肠绒毛变短，粘膜上皮细胞变性、坏死崩解及脱落，绒毛结构不完整，其中以１３％组损伤最严重，肠绒毛广泛性坏死、脱落、肠结构紊乱。在肠绒毛长度方面，８周龄时，１３％、９％、４％组较对照组变短，极显著（Ｐ＜００１）；１３、１８周龄时，１３％、９％组较４％、对照组极显著缩短（Ｐ＜００１）。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of soybean antinutritional factors(ANFs) on the thymus,pancreas and small intestines of chickens through feeding with different diet containing different concentration of raw soybean(0%,4%,9%,13%).The results showed that (1) The thymus in each experimental chickens had no significant pathological changes and had no difference compared with the control.(2) The weight of pancreas of each experimental chickens increased. It is significantly heavier in the experiment feeding 13% raw soybean diet than that of 4% and the control,so is the 9% with the control at 8 and 13 week old respectively ( P <0 05).At 18 week old,it had significant difference between the 13% diet experiment and the control ( P <0 05).Histopathologically,the pancreas cells displayed different degree of hypertropy and hyperplasia and slight vacuolar degeneration.(3) The small intestines of every experimental chickens were all damaged in different degree,its mucosal epithelial cells showed degeneration,necrosis and sloughed off finally,the intestinal villi shortened and got incomplete,particularly,the intestines of 13% experimental chickens were most serious damaged in all experiment.At the aspect of intestinal villi length, it got significantly shorter in 13%,9%,4%diet experiment than that of the control at 8 week old ( P <0 01).So were the 13%,9%diet experiment compared with the 4%,the control at 13 week old and 18 week old respectively( P <0 01).