元谋干热河谷区9种造林树种的水分生理特性比较

Comparison of Water Physiological Characteristics of 9 Planting Species in Yuanmou Dry and Hot Valley Areas

１９９３～１９９８年对元谋干热河谷区的９个造林树种的水分生理特性进行了观测。经对各观测树种水分状况、保水能力、蒸腾速率的分析对比表明：多数相思类树种主要通过减少叶子蒸腾耗水以提高其抗旱能力，蒸腾强度小有利于这些树种渡过旱季。乡土树种坡柳和桉类树种（除大叶桉）旱季蒸腾作用比较强烈，但离体叶片失水速度不快，它们具有特殊的水分平衡机制和较强的水分吸收能力，以此增强对干热河谷环境的适应性。此项研究为正确选择元谋以至金沙江干热河谷地区的适宜造林树种，以及人工林的水分管理措施提供了理论依据。

The water physiological characteristics of 9 planting species in Yuanmou dry and hot valley areas were observed from 1993 to 1998.The results of analysis and comparison on hydroregime,waterretaining ability and transpiration rate of all observational species indicated as the following aspects.Most species of Acacia increased their droughtresistance mainly through decreasing transpiration waterconsumption of leaves,low transpiration intensity would benefit these species to tide over winter.The indigenous species such as Dodonaea viscosa (L.)Jacq.and eucalyptus(except Eucalyptus robusta) had fairly strong transpiration in dry season,however with slow water loss rate of in vitro leaf.These indigenous species and eucalyptus had special water balance mechanism and fairly strong water absorption ability to adapt to the natural environment of Yuanmou dry and hot valley.These researches provided a theoretical basis for selecting suitable planting species for Yuanmou and Jinsha River dry and hot valley areas,and for working out water management measures of manmade forests.