CO_2激光对蚕豆诱变效应试验研究

Induced Mutation in Vicia Faba Seeds Irradiated with Laser CO 2

７０年代以来，全国已有２０多个省市，近百个单位开展激光在农业上应用的研究，并对２０多种作物２００多个品种进行激光育种的研究。试验表明：激光在刺激作物生长，早熟增产以及诱发变异、改良品种等都有一定的效果，并培育出一些新品种应用于生产。然而，激光对作物的作用机制，特别是遗传机理方面的研究报道尚少。本试验目的是探讨ＣＯ２激光对蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变的影响及田间农艺性状的变异情况，分析细胞染色体畸变与农艺性状变异的相关性及其遗传传递情况，为作物激光诱变育种提供依据。本试验采用功率密度为３９４ｍＷ／ｃｍ２的ＣＯ２激光照射蚕豆萌动种子，观察其对蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变及幼苗生长的影响，探讨ＣＯ２激光照射后蚕豆植株农艺性状的变异及其遗传传递情况。试验结果表明：ＣＯ２激光不同时间照射蚕豆萌动种子，均能使根尖细胞产生染色体畸变，且畸变类型相似；同时，对Ｌ１幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用，Ｌ２植株高度、分枝数及结荚数等农艺性状均产生不同程度的变异。其中分枝数这一性状的变异能传递给Ｌ３，其余性状的变异则属生理损伤所致。

In this experiment, sprouting seed of Vicia faba were irradiated with laser CO 2 of 394 mW/cm 2. Chromosomal aberration of root tip cells of Vicia faba and growing of seedlings were observed. Inquired is the agro-character of such mutation and inheritance in Vicia faba. Results show that laser CO 2 can give rise to chromosomal aberration and induce similar chromosomal aberration in different groups.Laser CO 2 prominently inhibits growth of seedlings L 1. Mutaion in L 2 Plant height, number of branches and rate of fuition etc. can be induced to varying degrees. The number of branches can transmit to L 3, but plant height and fruition belong to physiological damage.