近代典型国家经济转型中政府作用的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Government's Role in Typical Modern Country's Economic Transition and Its Implications

在近代经济发展过程中,从封建经济向市场经济的转型是世界主要国家经济发展的主旋律。经济转型又可以分解成几个相关的问题:工业化的发生、现代科技革命的进行和不同转型路径的变迁,完成这些任务的重要微观主体就是市场经济中的企业,而在企业之外,政府的作用是至关重要的,因为政府的作用直接决定了企业的发展过程和方向。不同类型国家的转型路径和后果是不同的,近代典型国家转型分为四类。

During the process of economic development in modern times,the main theme is the transformation from feudal economy to market economy of the major countries of the world.This economic transition can be decomposed into a few related issues： the occurrence of industrialization,modern scientific and technological revolution,and the changes of their different paths in transition.The micro-subject to implement these tasks is of course the enterprises.However,outside the enterprises,the role of government is crucial,for its role will determine the course and direction of their development.Different transition paths are to lead to different consequences.In this paper,modern classic countries,in order to conduct the comparative studies,is divided into four categories.On the basis of the study,certain beneficial lessons have been drawn.