中华鲟天然群体蛋白质水平遗传多样性贫乏的初步证据

THE PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR LOW GENETIC DIVERSITY IN CHINESE STURGEON ( Acipenser sinensis ) REVEALED BY PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS *

为了阐明我国Ⅰ级珍稀水生保护动物中华鲟（Ａｃｉｐｅｎｓｅｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）天然群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性特征，为其资源的监测与保护提供科学依据，采用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳技术对中华鲟天然群体进行了蛋白质遗传多态性研究。共研究了１５种蛋白质，有４种蛋白无活性或活性很低，在有活性的１１种蛋白中共测得２６个座位；在２６个座位中，只有１个座位（ＭＤＨ－１）为多态座位。中华鲟多态座位比例（Ｐ）为３９０％，遗传杂合度（Ｈ）为００４，均远远低于其他鱼类Ｐ和Ｈ值的平均水平，说明中华鲟在蛋白质水平上的遗传变异较贫乏，与其他鲟鱼类的情况类似。

Chinese sturgeon ( Acipenser sinensis ) is an endangered species under first rank protection in China.The abundance has been depleting due to overfishing,pollution and dam construction etc.Gezhouba dam already cut off the migratory route and a few broods have been forced to spawn below Gezhouba dam.The Three Gorges Dam will further change hydrological regime of the Yangtze River and has adverse effect on the fish's spawning grounds.In order to make sound conservation program and monitor the resources population,genetics studies on Chinese sturgeon were carried out.In this paper we report results from protein electrophoresis.Total 15 proteins were studied and only 11 proteins are activity detectable.Conservatively,among 11 proteins 26 loci were screened.Among 26 loci screened only 1 locus (MDH 1) was polymorphic and the others were monomorphism.The percentage of polymorphic loci ( P ) and heterozygosity ( H ) was 0 039 and 0 004 respectively.The genetic variation at protein level is poor compared with those of the other bony fishes.The present result reflects basic picture of genetic diversity before construction of Gezhouba dam and basic data for monitoring resources in future.