西双版纳地区不同植被亚型蚁科昆虫群落研究

A STUDY ON COMMUNITIES OF FORMICIDAE ANTS IN DIFFERENT SUBTYPES OF VEGETATION IN XISHUANGBANNA DISTRICT OF CHINA

研究了西双版纳地区１６种植被亚型蚂蚁的特有种、优势种、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数和相似性系数。所采蚂蚁分隶于８亚科６６属２２０种。雨季的季节性雨林蚂蚁物种多样性指数最大，为２９０８；旱季的茶园物种多样性指数最小，为０１１４。以山地雨林和季风常绿阔叶林蚂蚁物种组成相似性系数最大，为０３５６；以温暖性落叶阔叶林和茶园相似性系数最小，为００１７。１６种植被亚型均有其特有种，其中半常绿季雨林特有种最丰富，有１３种；山地丘陵灌丛特有种最少，仅１种。季节性雨林和半常绿季雨林拥有最丰富的稀有物种，因而最有保护价值；石灰岩山季雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、苔藓常绿阔叶林、暖温性落叶阔叶林、暖热性松林也有自己的稀有种，具有重要保护价值。１６种植被亚型雨季和旱季的优势种及其在植被亚型中所占的比例各不相同，旱季最常见的优势种是西氏拟毛蚁ＰｓｅｕｄｏｌａｓｉｕｓｓｉｌｖｅｓｔｒｉＷｈｅｅｌｅｒ，雨季最常见的优势种是西氏拟毛蚁和全异巨首蚁Ｐｈｅｉｄｏｌｏｇｅｔｏｎｄｉｖｅｒｓｕｓ（Ｊｅｒｄｏｎ）。

Xishuangbanna District is one of the three areas where have tropical rain forests in China.In this paper,endemic species,predominant species,species diversity index,evenness index,predominant index,and similarity coefficient of ants in 16 subtypes of vegetation in Xishuangbanna District are studied.220 species belonging to 8 subfamilies and 66 genera were collected.The maximum of species diversity index is observed in the seasonal rain forest in rainy season,that is 2 908;while the minimum of species diversity index is found in the tea garden in dry season,that is 0 114.For the composition of ant species,mountain rain forest and monsoon evergreen broad leaf forest have the greatest similarity coefficient,that is 0 356;while warm deciduous broad leaf forest and tea garden have the smallest similarity coefficient,that is 0 017.Each subtype of vegetation has its endemic species.Among them,semi evergreen monsoon forest is richest in endemic species,reaching to 13 endemic species.In contrast,hilly land shrub is poorest in endemic species,with only 1 endemic species.Seasonal rain forest and semi evergreen monsoon forest are richest in rare species,so these two subtypes of vegetation are most valuable for conservation.Karst monsoon forest,monsoon evergreen broad leaf forest,mossy evergreen broad leaf forest,warm deciduous broad leaf forest,and warm pine forest also have their own rare species,these subtypes of vegetation also have important value for conservation.Predominant species and their percentage in the 16 subtypes of vegetation in dry and rainy seasons are different from one to another.The most common predominant species in dry season is Pseudolasius silvestrii Wheeler.While in rainy season, P silvestrii Wheeler and Pheidologeton diversus (Jerdon) are the most common predominant ones.