泥鳅中重金属含量的测定及其食用安全评价

Determination and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents in Tissues of Oriental Weatherfish

以吉首市振武营、万溶江乡小庄、吉信镇木里村、马井坳镇大湾营稻田和田间溪流中的泥鳅为研究对象,测定了泥鳅的肝脏、肾脏、肌肉等组织器官及其生活的底泥中Cr、Cd、As、Mn、Cu、Zn等重金属的蓄积量,分析了重金属在泥鳅不同组织器官中的富集规律,给出了食用泥鳅的健康安全风险评价。结果表明,6种重金属在泥鳅肌肉、肝脏和肾脏等器官中的含量存在显著差异,肌肉中的重金属含量明显低于肝脏和肾脏中的含量。泥鳅对不同重金属的富集能力也存在明显差异,对Cd、Cu、Cr的富集能力明显大于其他3种元素。泥鳅肌肉中Cd、As含量明显超出卫生标准限值（0.1、0.5 mg/kg）;Zn含量超出了我国《鲜、冻动物性水产品卫生标准》规定的标准值（50 mg/kg）。

Oriental weatherfish （Misgurnus anguillicaudatus） was chosen as a test species caught from rice fields and streams in the countryside of Jishou city to study the accumulated heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium, arsenic, manganese, copper, zinc, and etc. in its liver, kidney, muscle, and etc. tissues, as well as in sediment in which the organisms live. The accumulation law of heavy metals in different organ tissues of oriental weatherfish was analyzed, and the risk of ingesting the organisms was assessed. The results have shown that there were significant differences among heavy metal contents in muscle, liver and kidney of oriental weatherfish, i.e., the heavy metal contents in muscle were obviously lower than those in liver and kidney. There were also evident differences among the abilities of oriental weatherfish to accumulate various heavy metals, and the coefficients of accumulating zinc, copper and cadmium were much higher than those of the rest three heavy metals. The concentrations of cadmium and arsenic in muscle of weatherfish apparently exceeded the limits of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively, and the content of zinc was also over the limit of 50 mg/kg specified by Chinese ＂Hygienic Standard for Fresh and Frozen Marine Products of Animal Origin＂.