云南省文山州城镇体系空间结构的分形研究

Study on the fractal dimensions of spatial structure of the urban system in Wenshan Prefecture

应用MapInfo数字化了文山州地图,测量出计算城镇体系分形所需的各种距离;聚集分维显示该州城镇要素以开化镇为中心向四周衰减;文山州102个城镇的网格分维显示该州城镇要素分布介于线性与面状之间;20个主要城镇的空间关联分维显示,受山地地形的制约,主要城镇趋于线性地理要素分布,交通网络联接较差;马关县与麻栗坡县的城镇体系表现出相似的分形特征;"点-轴系统"是该州城镇体系的最佳空间发展模式,该州城镇体系已基本形成了323国道与衡昆高速公路沿线的主发展轴与平远镇至天保口岸的副发展轴。

By using MapInfo to digitize the scanned map of Wenshan prefecture and measure the distances between towns, the aggregation dimension of major towns was calculated and the results show that the urban elements decline from the center, Kaihua town, to the peripheral. Based on the box counting method, the grid dimension, capacity dimension and information dimension of town systems in Wenshan Prefecture, composed of 102 towns , were calculated and the results between linearity and plane. Then the spatial correlation dimensions between 20 major towns were gotten and the results towards one, and the connectivity of transport system is not good. These results showed that the urban system in Wenshan Prefecture, restricted by a large portion of mountainous area, tends to distribute along roads and rivers. Similar fractal phenomena were found in the urban systems of Maguan and Malipo County. There exists two economic axes in Wenshan Prefecture： first is near the 323 national road and the highway from Hengyang to Kunming, which leads to the Beibu gulf of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;The second is along the road from Pingyuan town to Tianbao; the later is a national land port between China and Vietnam, and leads to the Beibu gulf of Vietnam. Finally the Pole-Axis spatial system was discussed to be the best choice for urban system and economic development in Wenshan Prefecture.