我国北方两城市病态建筑综合征的发生及影响因素研究

Investigation of Sick Building Syndrome and Related Influencing Factors in Two Cities of Northern China

目的研究我国北方城市病态建筑综合征的发生率和影响其发生的相关因素。方法于2008年11月,通过问卷调查方式,分别调查了北京和银川两城市6座办公楼内的工作人员497人和4栋学生宿舍楼内的学生462人的SBS发生情况和室内可能影响SBS发生的因素(环境因素、职业因素以及心理因素)。应用多因素Logistic回归分析对与SBS的发生有关的影响因素进行分析。结果北京SBS的发生率为24.9%(86/346),银川为23.8%(146/613)。办公室内人员SBS发生率为30.4%(151/497),而大学宿舍内人员仅为17.5%(81/462),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性为19.8%(79/399),明显低于女性的27.3%(135/494)。Logistic回归分析发现,建筑类型,性别,研究人群对相对湿度、通风、噪声、气味的感受和SBS的发生率有关(P<0.05)。结论 SBS的发生与建筑类型、性别有关,与主观感受联系密切,主观感受不舒适的人群的SBS的发生率高。

Objective To investigate the SBS incidence and relevant influencing factors of SBS in northern cities of China. Methods Four hundreds and ninety-seven office workers and 462 university students were investigated through the designed questionnaire for their SBS symptoms and related indoor environmental, occupational and psychological factors in the office buildings and student dormitories in Beijing and Yinchuan, respectively,in November 2008. Logistic regression analysis was used for the correlations between SBS incidence and related influence factors. Results The average SBS incidence of the subject population was 24.9%（86/346） in Beijing and 23.8%（146/613） in Yinchuan. There was significant difference in the incidence of SBS between the office building [30.4%（151/497）] and the student dormitories [17.5%（81/462）]. The incidence of SBS in male was 19.8%（79/399）, significantly lower than that in female [27.3%（135/494）]. It was found by Logistic regression analysis that the construction type, gender, the feeling to the humidity, ventilation, noise as well as smell were associated with the SBS incidence. Conclusion The incidence of SBS has a strong correlation with the type of construction and gender; SBS occurrence has a strong link with subjective feelings, the more uncomfortable the subjective feeling is, the higher the incidence of SBS will be.