2008年我国5～14岁城乡儿童死亡原因分析

Death reason analysis of Chinese 5- 14 years children in rural and urban areas in 2008

目的 探讨2008年我国5～14岁城乡儿童的死亡原因.方法 利用2009年中国卫生统计年鉴的病伤死亡原因和人口指标部分资料对5～14岁儿童的疾病相关指标和死因进行描述,进行城乡儿童的比较.结果 农村5～14岁儿童的住院率（23.0‰,12.1‰,χ^2=255.584）、2周患病率（79.8‰,63.9‰,χ^2＝142.446）、2周就诊率（95.6‰,68.1‰,χ^2＝376.954）、慢性病患病率（9.0‰,7.0‰,χ2=18.941）均高于城市儿童,差异有统计学意义.损伤中毒、恶性肿瘤、先天疾病是我国5～14儿童的前3位死亡原因.在致死的诸多损伤中毒疾病中,淹死是首位死因,交通事故占第2位;自杀是城市儿童的第4位死亡原因,城市女生的第2位死亡死因.结论 我国2008年5～14岁城乡儿童的高危死亡原因相同,但各疾病对儿童的死亡威胁程度,有城乡和性别差异.

Objective To investigate death reasons for China rural and urban children who aged between 5 and 14 years old during 2008. Methods Using the illness or injury causes of death and demographic indicators of China Health Statistics Yearbook 2009 to describe 5 to 14 year-old children＇ s disease-related indicators and causes of death, compare difference between rural and urban children. Results Hospitalization rates （23.0%v vs 12. 1‰,χ^2 = 255. 584） , prevalence of two weeks （79.8‰ vs 63.9%v, χ^2 = 142. 446） , attendance of two weeks （95.6‰ vs 68.1%e, χ^2= 376. 954） and prevalence of chronic diseases （ 9.0‰ vs 7.0‰, χ^2 = 18.94 1 ） of 5 to 14 year-old children in rural were all higher than urban children, with statistically significant difference. Injury and poisoning,cancer,congenital diseases were the top three causes of death for 5 to 14 children. In many diseases which caused injury and poisoning, drowning was the first cause of death, traffic accidents accounted for the second place;suicide was the fourth cause of death for city children and second cause of death for city girls. Conclusion High-risk death reasons for Chinese 5 to 14 year-old children in 2008 are the same,but disease threat on the death of are in varying degrees, which shows urban-rural and gender differences.