国家人权机构的设立与作用

The Establishment and Role of National Human Rights Institutions

国家人权机构是在国际人权保护机制影响下逐渐建立起来的国内人权促进和保护机制,《关于国家人权机构地位的原则》(《巴黎原则》)被公认为国家人权机构发展的里程碑。但是,对国家人权机构的理解目前仍处于初期阶段。本文以《巴黎原则》为基础,围绕国家人权机构的设立和作用,对国家人权机构的定义、特点、分类、职责等基本问题加以澄清,以期为进一步研究提供理论基础。

Under the influence of international human rights protection regime, national human rights institutions （＂ NHRIs＂） have been established to promote and protect human rights at domestic level. The Principles Relating to the Status of National Institutions （hereinafter re- ferred to as ＂ Paris Principles＂ ） , passed in the ＂ International Workshop of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights＂ in Paris in 1991, and adopted by United Na- tions Commission on Human Rights and General Assembly respectively in 1992 and 1993, is re- garded as a milestone in the development of NHRIs. However, the understanding of NHRIs is still at a very preliminary stage. Based on the Paris Principles, this article, with the focus on the es- tablishment and roles of NHRIs, discusses the fundamental aspects of NHRIs, including their defi- nition, characteristics, models, functions and roles, and hopefully, may provide a theoretical ba- sis for further research