《联合国宪章》解释对传统条约解释规则的影响和发展

The Development and Influence of UN Charter’s Interpretation on Traditional Rule of Treaty Interpretation

条约解释是国际法上的重要问题。1969年《维也纳条约法公约》第31至33条的规定集中体现了传统的条约解释规则。实践中,《联合国宪章》的解释对于传统条约解释规则多有突破和发展,主要体现在三个方面:第一,宪章解释过程中除运用传统方法外,还形成了"暗含权力"和"机构嗣后实践"等新方法;第二,各种传统条约解释方法在运用于宪章时,相互地位关系较之一般条约解释有所不同;最后,存在于条约解释中的解释与修改、解释与新规则创制的关系问题,在宪章解释上体现得尤为突出。宪章自身的特殊性质是形成上述特点的根本原因。宪章解释丰富和发展了传统条约解释理论和实践,为条约解释提供了全新的样本,拓宽了条约解释在现代国际法学研究中的领域。

The interpretation of treaties is a significant issue in international law. The tra- ditional rules of treaty interpretation are embodied in Articles 31 to 33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaty（1969）. As a multilateral treaty with marked features, the UN Charter＇ s interpre- tation has prompted some further developments of the traditional rules of treaty interpretation. These new developments mainly include the following three aspects. First, the creation of new methods of interpretation such as implied powers, the subsequent practices of the UN organs, etc. Secondly, when applied to the UN Charter, various traditional methods of treaty interpretation differ from the general treaty interpretation in terms of their relationships and status. And thirdly, the issue of rela- tionships between the interpretation and modification and between the interpretation and the estab- lishment of new rules as existed in treaty interpretation is reflected sharply in the UN Charter＇ s in- terpretations. Basically, these developments and features result from the uniqueness of the Charter. The interpretation of the UN Charter has enriched and promoted traditional theories and practices of treaty interpretation, provided us with a brand - new approach to treaty interpretation and broadened the area of treaty interpretation in contemporary international law studies as well.