兰州市少数民族流迁人口空间行为特征及动力机制

Spatial Behavior and Its Driving Mechanism of the Minority Migrations:A Case Study of the Hui and Dongxiang Ethnic Groups,Lanzhou City

少数民族流迁人口在接受城市化和现代化"洗礼"的过程中,由于加入了民族文化、民族传统与民族意识的变量,其空间行为过程显得更复杂、更丰富。本文以兰州市回族、东乡族为例,研究了西北地区少数民族流迁人口的空间行为特征及驱动机制,得出其空间行为特征表现为:①来源地构成较为集中、单一,主要以周边民族地区为主;②来源地具有典型的"核心—边缘"结构,交通牵引使该结构发生分异;③居住地选择具有"围寺而居,围寺而作"的特点,总体呈"大杂居、小聚居"的空间结构。进一步运用系统动力学的观点从两种"维度"、两种"机制"、两个"方面"构架了"三位一体"的少数民族流迁人口空间行为动力机制模型,并指出了目前研究的不足及今后努力的方向。

The paper discusses the spatial behaviors and driving mechanism of the ethnic migrations based on extensive field investigation and GIS spatial analysis,taking Hui and Dongxiang ethnic groups in Lanzhou as examples.It is concluded that：（1） The source of minority migration in Lanzhou has a distribution pattern of spatial aggregation.Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County are the main sources,accounting for 56.47% of the total.（2） It has the characteristics of ＂living around the temple,working around the temple＂.The spatial living pattern of ＂big gethering and small groups＂ has been formed to meet the needs of survival and adaptation in urban areas.（3） In the driving forces of minority migration,there are ＂the pushing forces＂ such as geographical environment,and socioeconomic gradient caused by regional differences and ＂the pulling forces＂ such as urban agglomeration and diffusion,traffic accessibility,the homogeneity of ethnic groups in different regions and the convenience of religious activities.The research results have an important practical significance for promoting the harmonious development of urban ethnic relations,urban planning,population management and community development.