肉牛杂交亲本遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性研究

Correlation between Genetic Distance and Heterosis of Cattle

利用11个微卫星标记研究川南山地黄牛、海福特牛、黑安格斯牛、红安格斯牛、利木赞牛、西门塔尔牛、德国黄牛的遗传多样性,分析肉牛亲本间微卫星标记遗传距离与体尺、体重杂种优势间的相关性。结果表明：11个微卫星基因座平均有效等位基因数为4.5422,7个牛种的多态信息含量在0.3434~0.4207,平均杂合度为0.6868~0.8413,7个牛种均具有丰富的多态性。亲本间遗传距离与体尺、体重杂种优势间相关系数偏小（-0.003~0.304）,均未达到显著水平,用微卫星标记遗传距离预测肉牛体尺、体重杂种优势还有待进一步探讨。

The genetic diversity of seven cattle breeds was surveyed using 11 microsatellite markers. The cattles include Hereford, Black Angus, Red Angus, Limousin, Simmental, and Gelbvieh. Correlation between genetic distance and heterosis of cattle was analyzed. The results showed that average effective number of alleles was 4.5422. Average polymorphism information content value was 0.3434 ～0.4207. Average heterozygousity was 0.6868 ～0.8413, which indicated that the 7 breeds had abundant genetic diversity. The relativity coefficient was partial to small （-0.003～0.304） between SSR genetic distance and heterosis of body measurements traits and body weight traits. The correlation between the genetic distance of cattle parents selected and heterosis of body measurements traits and body weight traits was not significant. Thus, the analysis of genetic distance based on molecular markers predicting heterosis body measurements traits and body weight traits need to be studied further.