燃煤污染型氟中毒病区型煤固氟技术的研究及应用

Technical Study of Fluoride Fixation in Burning Coal for Coal-Burning Endemic Fluorosis Regions

目的筛选固氟效率高、燃烧效果好、取材方便、价格低廉的型煤固氟配方,为进一步降低病区氟污染提供技术支持。方法采用模拟实验方法对A组配方(原煤70%、石灰10%、黏土20%)、B组配方(原煤70%、石灰岩15%、黏土15%)、C组配方(原煤65%、石灰20%、黏土15%)、D组配方(原煤70%、石灰岩15%、黏土15%)、E组配方(原煤65%、石灰岩20%、黏土15%)进行筛选,以F组配方(原煤70%、黏土30%)为对照;对筛选出的最佳配方进行现场验证。结果 D与F组发热量最高(分别为18.51、18.59 M J/kg),A、B、C组处于同一水平(分别为15.77、15.31、15.62 M J/kg);D组固氟率最高(83.07%),其次为B、C、A组(分别为61.38%、77.48%、74.62%),F组最低(47.27%);E组配方因石灰岩比例过高不能正常燃烧退出实验;D与F组配方生产的蜂窝型煤,用户均反映燃烧效果好,日均用煤量无显著差异(P>0.10),市场核算售价均为0.3元/块,用户均能接受。结论以D组配方作为固氟剂,发热量最高、固氟效果最佳,且取材方便,加工成本与普通型煤一致。建议在氟病区规模实施改灶降氟工程时,同步推广该配方加工固氟蜂窝型煤。

Objective To further reduce the fluoride pollution in the fluorosis endemic regions through selecting the coal components of the high effective fluoride fixation,good burning effect,easy obtaining and lower price.Methods Simulation experiments were done to select the coal components of A（70% coal,10%lime,20% clay）,B（70% coal,15%lime,15% clay）,C（65% coal,20%lime,15% clay）,D（70% coal,15% lime,15% clay）,E（65% coal,20%lime,15% clay） and F（70% coal,30% clay）as the control.The selected best components were validated on the field.Results The heating quantity of group D and F was the highest,18.51 MJ/kg and 18.59 MJ/kg,respectively.That of group A,B and C was in the same level,15.77 MJ/kg,15.31 MJ/kg and 15.62 MJ/kg,respectively.Fluoride fixation rate of group D was the highest（83.07%）,in turn was group B,C,and A（61.38%,77.48% and 74.62,respectively）,and the group F was the lowest（47.27%）.Group E was set out of the experiments due to higher lime ratio which resulted in abnormal combustion.Beehive molded coal made of the components of group D and F was the most welcomed because of the nice combustion effect.The quantity of the coal usage was no difference（P0.10）,and the market price was about 0.3 Yuan/piece that the users accepted.Conclusion Group D component as fluoride fixation product has highest heating,best fluoride fixation rate and easy obtaining as well as same process cost as general molded coal.It is suggested that popularize the use of the group D component to be processed as molded coal when implementing the stove installation.