某铀矿山井下作业职业病危害预评价

Pre-Evaluation of Occupational Radiological Hazards in Uranium Mine

目的通过对某铀矿山井下作业职业病危害因素及职业辐射防护效果进行评价,并提出有效的防护对策和建议。方法依据国家有关辐射防护标准,采用理论计算法、类比调查法和经验法,对铀矿山井下作业场所中可能存在的辐射源项进行识别,并根据设计参数对辐射源项进行定量分析与评价。结果铀矿山井下存在氡及其子体所致工作人员计量为4.23 mSv/年;井下人员γ外照射年剂量最大值为4.22 mSv/年;吸入放射性粉尘所致的待积有效剂量为3.44 mSv/年。在正常生产条件下,作业人员所受的辐射年有效剂量预计为11.89 mSv,可以控制在目标管理值范围内。结论本项目属于严重职业病危害项目。从职业病防治角度分析,项目建设可行。

Objective To put forward the effective countermeasure and proposal for the future problems of radiological protection in the construction project of the uranium mine.Methods Based on the related national standards for radiation protection,the assessment were carried out using combination of analogy,theoretical calculation and experience.Radiation items in the workplace of the uranium mine were identified and quantitative analysis were used to assess the radiological hazards according to the designed parameters.Results There were radon and its daughters,γand βradiation,radiological dust and aerosol in the downhole,the workers＇ radiation dose was 4.23 mSv/a by radon and its daughters,the workers＇ annual biggest dose was 4.22 mSv/a by γ and β radiation,effective dose caused by radioactive dust was 3.44 mSv/a.In the ordinary working condition,the predicted effective doses that the workers received were 11.89 mSv per year,which was under the target value.Conclusion The project is a serious occupational hazard project.From the view of occupational health,the project is feasible.