广州市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生质量调查分析

Investigation on Sanitary Quality of Centralized Air Conditioning-Ventilating Systems of Public Places in Guangzhou

目的通过对广州市各类公共场所集中空调通风系统清洗前后的空调送风进行卫生检测,了解广州市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生情况。方法抽取广州市35家公共场所进行集中空调通风系统卫生监测,检测空调送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、微生物指标和风管内表面积尘量、微生物指标。结果集中空调通风系统均未检出β-溶血性链球菌。空调送风中PM10、细菌总数均值超标,超标率达54.6%和37.5%;而送风中真菌总数超标率为7.3%,均值未超标。风管内表面积尘量均值为2.12 g/m2,所有检测点结果全部合格;真菌总数均值低于标准限值,超标率为1.9%;细菌总数超标率较高,为7.7%,均值也超标,为215 cfu/cm2。各类公共场所中医院和图书馆卫生状况较好,办公楼次之,商场、宾馆酒店和餐厅最差。结论广州市集中空调通风系统风管内表面卫生状况较好;空调送风PM10浓度较高且存在微生物污染;而医院集中空调通风系统卫生状况较好可能与其使用了中效过滤器有关。因此应切实加强相关卫生监管,同时加大商场、宾馆酒店和餐厅等人群聚集场所的监管力度;加强集中空调通风系统空调送风的清洁过滤。

Objective To find out the hygienic quality of centralized air conditioning - ventilating systems of public places in Guangzhou by monitoring centralized air conditioning - ventilating systems used in public places of Guangzhou be- fore and after cleaning. Methods Centralized air conditioning - ventilating systems of 35 public places in Guangzhou were selected for sanitary monitoring, and the detection items were inhalable particle matters （PM10） and microorganisms in air blow, dust volume and microorganisms in internal surface of pipes. Results 13 - hemolytic streptococcus was not found in air blow and pipes. The mean values of PMI0 and total bacterial count in air blow exceeded national standards, which excee- ding rate were 54. 6% and 37.5% ; the exceeding rate of fungus in air blow was 7. 3% ,but the mean value was qualified. The mean value of dust volume in internal surface of pipes was 2. 12 g/m2, and the results of all monitoring points were qualified. The mean value of fungus in pipes was lower than the national limited value and exceeding rate was only 1.9%. Exceeding rate of total bacterial count was 7.7% ,which was higher than the others and the mean value （215 efu/cm2） ex- ceeded national standards too. The sanitary quality of hospitals and libraries were best, then offices , hotels and supermar- kets. Conclusion The sanitary quality of internal surface of pipes of centralized air conditioning - ventilating systems in Guangzhou is better, but PM^0 in air blow is high and there is microorganism pollution in air blow. So relative sanitary mo- nitor and management should be strengthened on centralized air conditioning - ventilating systems. At the same time, sani- tary supervision and regulation should be strengthened on people - gathering public places such as supermarkets, hotels and restaurants, cleaning and filtration of air blow of centralized air conditioning - ventilating systems also should be improved.