图式启动和社会比较对女性身体不满意的影响及其调节变量探讨

The Role of Physical Self Schema and Social Comparison in Body Dissatisfaction and the Priming Effect of Moderate Variables

基于身体自我图式理论和社会比较理论,考察图式启动和社会比较对女性身体不满意的影响,并探讨特质变量对图式启动效应的调节作用.特质变量在实验操作前一星期测量,图式启动采用两种不同的图片情境想象任务,社会比较则呈现不同吸引力程度的女性身体图片,包括上行比较、下行比较和无比较.被试在实验开始前和结束后两个时间点进行身体不满意的测量,结果发现:社会比较的主效应显著,上行比较比下行比较和无比较产生了更多的身体不满意,下行比较比无比较产生了更少的身体不满意;图式的主效应不显著;图式与社会比较的交互作用不显著;预先存在的身体不满意是启动效应的一个显著的调节变量.

From the perspective of physical self schema theory and social comparison theory, we explored both physical self schema and social comparison in relation to body dissatisfaction, and discussed the moderate effect of trait variables between physical self schema priming and body dissatisfaction. Experimental manipulation took place one week after the measurement of trait variables. The physical self-schema priming consisted of two different picture-based imagery exercises, and social comparison contained three levels： upward comparison, downward comparison and no comparison. Body dissatisfaction was measured immediately before the test and after the test. The results showed a significant main effect of social comparison, and no significant interaction between schema priming and social comparison and no significant main effect for physical self schema priming. Compared with downward comparison or no comparison, upward comparison, i.e. exposure to slides and attractive female model pictures, led to increased body dissatisfaction. In contrast, compared with no comparison, downward comparison led to decreased body dissatisfaction. Pre-exist body dissatisfaction proved to be a significant moderating variable for the priming effect.