基于永定河流域典型案例区的农业节水技术需求影响因素分析

An Analysis on Influential Factors of Demand for Agricultural Saving-Water Technology: A Case of the Yongding River Basin

本文指出当前节水技术推广中,存在重视供给而忽视需求的状况。进而以永定河流域的农户调查为基础,结合经验判断和计量实证,对影响农户节水技术需求的直接变量(耕作成本、耕作收益和资金投入)和外部制约因素(自然条件、经营制度、技术观念、整体经济环境、水价标准、水费收取方式和作物结构)进行了研究。分析表明:永定河流域渠灌区的农户使用节水技术的愿望不强,而井灌区有较强愿望。低压管灌方式构成了井灌区农户集体理性决策下的主要节水技术需要。个人资金投入因素对于采用低压管灌技术的影响程度较之于滴灌更高。最后指出了我国节水技术推广中存在的问题以及解决的基本思路。

Current studies on the promotion of agricultural saving-water technology place more emphasis on supply but seem less on demand.It would be useful to investigate the problem in the view of demand for agricultural saving-water technology.The authors adopted 163 groups of data from a questionnaire survey in the unit of the peasant household of the Yongding River basin.Then a regression model was utilized to analyze how three variables,i.e.,cultivation cost,cultivation yield and capital investment,affect farmers’ utilization proportion of agricultural water-saving technologies,i.e.,low-pressure pipe technology and drip irrigation technology.Results indicate： 1） due to motivations in reducing farming costs and the rise in farming output,the peasant households in well irrigation areas of the Yongding River basin show a strong desire to take advantage of agricultural saving-water technology,but the peasant households in ditch irrigation areas do not show this kind of economical consideration;2） capital investment plays a more important role in utilizing agricultural water-saving technologies than the factors of cultivation cost and cultivation yield;3） external constraints for promotion of agricultural saving-water technology include the natural condition,management system,technical concept,overall economic environment,water price standards,water charges ways and crop structure.In the process of forming demand for agricultural saving-water technology,seven external constraints can affect the demand for agricultural saving-water technology through inducing the changes in capital investment,cultivation yield and cultivation cost.Basically,current agricultural saving-water technology is still not able to become universal public goods in local areas.In some well irrigation areas where the demand for agricultural saving-water technology has emerged,the low-pressure pipe technology is the choice by local present households’ collective rational decision-making.This has been shown to be the most appropriate technology for local development.Meanwhile,some problems regarding management and systems need to be solved promptly so as to eliminate the barrier restraining technology promotion.Promotion of drip irrigation technology can be realized at a proper time in the future and the spray irrigation technology was found to be not suitable for the study area.To solve these problems,much effort should be made in rural land property system reform,establishing promotion organization of agricultural saving-water technology,perfecting the ecological compensation system,agricultural water price system reform and adjusting the crop structure.