海洋动物金属硫蛋白的提取与分析技术研究进展

Research Progress on the Extration and Analysis of Metallothioneins in Marine Animals

金属硫蛋白(metallothioneins,MTs)是一类低分子量、富含半胱氨酸的金属结合蛋白。由于水生生物体的MTs能被金属诱导,而且诱导程度与水环境重金属浓度之间存在一定的相关性,可间接反映出水环境中重金属的污染水平,因此,海洋动物体内的MTs已被认为是海水和沉积物重金属污染的生物标志物。近20 a来,为了将MTs应用于海洋污染的生物监测,国内外学者先后研究了多种分析技术及相应的提取方法。本文对目前已报道的海洋动物MTs提取与检测技术进行了评述,并根据存在的不足提出了今后的研究重点。

Metallothioneins （MTs） are a family of low molecular weight metal-binding proteins, which contain a high proportion of cysteine. In many aquatic species metallothioneins can be inducted by metals, and the degree of MTs induction is correlated with metal concentrations, therefore the level of metals in a- quatic environment can be reflected indirectly by the induction of MTs. At present, MTs in marine ani- mals have been recognized as potential biomarker of heavy metals in seawater and sediment. In the past two decades, many researchers both at home and abroad have applied MTs to marine pollution monito- ring, and developed different analysis techniques and extraction methods. In this paper, extraction and determination methods of MTs in marine animals are reviewed, and a research direction in the future is put forward based on the existing deficiencies in this field.