摘要
对钍射气220Rn及其子体的来源、影响因素、测量方法、剂量评价和防治措施作了概括性的介绍与展望。环境中220Rn的来源主要有建材和地质。220Rn的影响因素包括土壤中232Th的含量、建筑材料类别与性状、建筑物的通风条件、离墙和地面距离、季节、地表γ辐射水平等。根据测量原理的不同,220Rn测量可以分为滤膜法、闪烁室法、固体核径迹法、活性炭吸附法、半导体探测法和化学方法等。220Rn子体比220Rn对剂量的贡献更加重要。220Rn防治措施包括:建材选择、增加室内空气的流动、加强通风和阻断地基中的钍射气220Rn来源等。
In this paper,the sources,influencing factors,measurement methods,dose assessment and prevention measures of 220Rn and its progeny are briefly introduced.The sources of 220Rn in environment mainly come from building materials and soil.The influencing factors include 232Th content in soil,the class and performances of building materials,ventilation condition in building,distance between measuring points and wall or ground,season,terrestrial gamma radiation level etc.According to the differences on measuring principles,220Rn measurement can be divided into filter membrane method,scintillation chamber method,solid state nuclear track method,activated charcoal adsorption method,semiconductor detection method and chemical method etc.The radiation dose caused by 220Rn and its progeny is much more than 220Rn.The prevention measures on 220Rn include building materials selection,covering layer increases,indoor air flow time increases,ventilation strengthen and 220Rn source interruption to ground foundation etc.
出处
《世界核地质科学》
CAS
2010年第2期111-119,共9页
World Nuclear Geoscience
