椎间盘退变与修复动物的体内模型和体外模型

In vivo and in vitro animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration and repair

背景:动物模型可以用于研究一些具体的椎间盘生物学方面的科学问题。椎间盘退变的模型主要用于解决相关疾病机制及其治疗的科学与安全问题。目的:总结目前用于椎间盘退变研究的实验动物模型,根据椎间盘影像学、形态学、生物力学以及生化组分等指标的改变,动态观察并证实椎间盘退变的病理过程。方法:以Intervertebral disc degeneration,Animal models,In vivo,In vitro等为检索词,检索Cochrane图书馆(2009年第1期),Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验资料库(2009年第1期),MEDLINE(1990/2009-03),EMbase(1990/2009-03)、Current Controlled Trials,The National Research Register。文献检索语种限制为英文。以椎间盘影像学、形态学、生物力学以及生化组分等指标的改变和椎间盘退变的病理过程为评价指标。纳入涉及椎间盘细胞培养模型、全椎间盘组织培养模型、力学模型,损伤模型,生物学模型,基因改造模型,自发模型等的相关文章。排除重复性研究和所述内容与椎间盘退变动物模型相关度不高的研究。结果与结论:建立一种可靠的椎间盘退变动物模型能够为研究椎间盘退变发病机制提供有利条件,同时为修复治疗退变椎间盘的各种研究提供良好的实验载体。椎间盘退变的动物模型可分为两大类:椎间盘退变与修复体外模型和体内模型。其中前者可分为椎间盘细胞培养模型与全椎间盘组织培养模型;后者分为力学模型,损伤模型,生物学模型,基因改造模型,自发模型等。以上模型常用于研究椎间盘退变的发生机制和各种治疗手段的可行性、有效性。但是目前仍无公认的理想椎间盘退变动物模型,已报道的各类模型也均有各自的优缺点。

BACKGROUND： Animal models can be used to study specific scientific problems of intervertebral disc biology. Model of disc degeneration is mainly used to resolve the relevant disease mechanisms and scientific and security issues of the treatment. OBJECTIVE： To summarize currently used experimental animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration study, and to dynamically observe and confirm the pathological process of disc degeneration based on disc imaging, morphology, biomechanics and biochemical changes. METHODS： Using ＂intervertebral disc degeneration, animal models, in vivo, in vitro＂ in English as the search words, Cochrane Library （No. 1 2009）, Cochrane Library Database of Controlled Clinical Trials （No. 1 2009）, MEDLINE from 1990 to March 2009, EMbase from 1990 to March 2009, Current Controlled Trials, and the National Research Register were retrieved. Literature was limited to English language. The disc imaging, morphology, biomechanical and biochemical composition and other indicators, as well as the pathological process of disc degeneration served as the evaluation indices. The articles related to the intervertebral disc cell culture models, the whole disc tissue culture model, mechanical model, injury model, biological model, genetically modified models, spontaneous models were included. The repetitive researches and those unrelated to animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： The establishment of a reliable animal model can provide favorable conditions for studying the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration, at the same time, provides a good experimental vehicle for various researches about the repair treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration can be divided into two categories： in vitro models and in vivo models of disc degeneration and repair. The former can be assigned into disc cell culture models and whole disc tissue culture model; the latter is assigned into mechanical models, injury models, biological models, genetically modified models, spontaneous models and so on. The above models are commonly used in the study of the occurring mechanism of disc degeneration, as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of a variety of treatments. However, there is still no generally accepted animal models as an ideal disc degeneration model, various types of models reported have their own advantages and disadvantages.