美英德法日五国的国立科研机构体制

The national research institution system im USA, UK, Germany, France and Japan

本文重点介绍了美英德法日五国国立科研机构的科研体制和管理制度，阐述了国立科研机构在国家科技和经济发展中的地位和作用。事实表明，以知识创新、知识传播和知识转移为主要功能的国立科研机构，在各国的国家创新系统中，都扮演着相当重要的角色。学习和借鉴发达国家先进的管理经验，为我们建设和完善我国国立科研机构的新体制、新机制和新文化。

This paper discusses mainly the system and management mechanism of the national research institutions in five countries which include USA, UK, Germany, France and Japan, and describes the position and missions of the national research institutions in the national S&T system and economy. In fact, the national research institutions, which major functions are knowledge innovation, knowledge transmission and knowledge transfer, play an important role in the national innovation system in each country. To learn and adopt the successful experience in the developed country will provide us beneficial inspiration for building and improving the new system, new mechanism and new culture in our national research institutions.