人工膝关节的生物摩擦学特点

Bio-tribological characteristics of artificial knee joints

目的:探讨膝关节屈曲活动时的动态特征,为人工膝关节生物摩擦学的研究提供相对运动和应力分布等生物力学数据。方法:由第一作者采用电子检索的方式,在中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI:1994/2009)中检索有关人工膝关节运动及摩擦的文献,检索词为"膝关节假体,生物力学,磨损颗粒,仿生滑液"。排除较陈旧的文章及重复性研究,共检索到符合标准的文献22篇。结果:建立包括人体主要骨与软组织的全膝关节置换前后的膝关节的动态有限模型,通过有限元分析,获得与屈曲膝关节的三维相对运动参数,胫骨关节和髋股关节的接触位置和应力等动态力学参数。结论:人工膝关节磨损性能受到较多因素的影响,多数学者在研究这些因素时以单因素研究为主,对多因素研究较少而且研究主要集中于对实验结果的描述,很少有对关节运动及磨损机制进行深入研究的报道。对人工膝关节运动及摩擦性能的研究需要把运动学和力学与磨损状态结合起来,共同期待今后进行磨损状况的预测。

OBJECTIVE： To explore the dynamic features of knee flexion movement to provide relative movement and stress distribution for studies on artificial knee joint bio-tribology. METHODS： A computer-based online search of CNKI was performed for articles related to artificial knee movement and friction published between 1994 and 2009 with key words ＂knee prosthesis, biomechanics, wearing debris, bionic lubrication＂. Outdate articles and repetitive studies were excluded, and 22 articles were included. RESULTS： Dynamic finite element models of knee joint including bone and soft tissues following total hip replacement are established. Three dimensional relative movement parameters of knee flexion and extension, as well as contact position and stress of tibial and hip and femoral joints are obtained using finite element analysis. CONCLUSION： Artificial knee joint wearing performance is influenced by many factors. Many studies focus on some factor alone, and mainly describe experimental results, but not further exploration of joint movement and wearing mechanism. Studies of artificial knee joint movement and wearing performance should combine kinematics and mechanics with wearing status for prediction of wearing.