人工膝关节在运动性损伤中的应用

Application of artificial knee joint in sports injury

目的:评价人工膝关节置换及其在运动性损伤中的应用前景。方法:以"人工膝关节,置换,运动性损伤,膝关节损伤为中文关键词;以:"artificial knee joint,arthroplasty,sports injury,knee joint injury"为英文关键词,采用计算机检索1993-01/2009-10相关文章。纳入与有关膝关节运动性损伤及人工膝关节置换相关的文章;排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。以39篇文献为主重点进行了讨论膝关节运性损伤的生物力学特征及人工膝关节的发展与在运动损伤中的应用。结果:运动性膝关节损伤的性质主要为擦伤、挫伤、骨折、脱位、撕裂、劳损,严重的关节损伤、骨折、骨裂等损伤要经过手术治疗才能得到康复,必要时需要接受人工关节置换。人工关节置换能够出去痛灶、疼痛,恢复关节的活动功能,并能有效地调整肢体的长度,人工关节置换具有疗效的确切性和可预期性,但也存在如假体松动、磨损或折断等并发症。置换人工膝关节时首先考虑的问题是假体的材料,需要耐用且无排斥反应。结论:人工膝关节近年来发展迅速,解决了很多患者的关节疾病问题,随着材料学及生物学的发展,在采用材料特别是对假体的个性化设计方面还有很大提升空间。人工膝关节置换能够应用于某些严重的运动性膝关节损伤患者。

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the application of artificial joint replacement in sports injury. METHODS： A computer-based online search was performed for related articles published between January 1993 and October 2009 with the key words ＂artificial knee joint, arthroplasty, sports injury, knee joint injury＂. Articles related to knee joint sports injury and artificial joint replacement were included, and repetitive and Meta analysis were excluded. A total of 46 articles were included, which introduced biomechanical features of knee sports injury and artificial knee joint development and application in sports injury. RESULTS： Knee sports injury includes abrasion, contusion, fracture, dislocation, tearing, and strain. Severe joint injury, fracture and bone breakage can recover by operation, even artificial joint replacement. Artificial joint replacement can eliminate pain focus, pain, restore motion range of joint, and effectively adjust limb length. Moreover, artificial joint replacement displays precise and expected effect. However, there are some complications, such as prosthesis loosening, wearing or fracture. Prosthesis material selection is important in knee joint replacement, which should be durable and prevent rejection. CONCLUSION： Artificial knee joint has been developed rapidly in recent years, which solve joint diseases. Developing materials and biology will improve materials, particularly prosthesis individualized design. Artificial knee joint replacement can be applied for patients with severe knee sports injury.