颅骨缺损修复材料的选择及其生物相容性

Selection and biocompatibility of materials for skull defect repair

目的:评价修复颅骨缺损各种生物材料的性能和应用,寻找合理的颅骨替代物。方法:采用电子检索的方式,在万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/)中检索1999-01/2009-12有关生物材料应用于颅骨缺损的研究文章,关键词为"组织工程,颅骨缺损,生物材料"。排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章,筛选纳入24篇文献进行评价。结果:传统的非降解生物假体仅可作为颅骨缺损的填充材料。随着医学和组织工程技术的发展,各种合成生物材料相继出现。目前国内使用的颅骨修补材料有有机玻璃、硅橡胶、钛网、高分子复合材料等。这些材料分别存在着易老化、易破损、不易塑形或生物相容性差等缺点,其中以钛网、高分子复合材料因其良好的生物相容性及理化特性成为目前临床应用最广泛的颅骨缺损修补材料。利用自体细胞和支架完成颅骨缺损的修复是当前生物医学工程研究的热点之一。结论:虽然钛网、高分子复合材料是目前临床上大量使用的颅骨修补材料,但由于其存在各自不可避免的缺点,颅骨缺损修复材料仍需进一步开发。

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate properties and application of biomaterials for skull defects repair to search ideal skull substitutes.METHODS：A computer-based online search of Wanfang database（http：//www.wanfangdata.com.cn/） was performed for articles published between January 1999 and December 2009 regarding biomaterials in skull defects repair,with keywords ＂tissue engineering,skull defects,biomaterial＂.Repetitive studies,review or Meat-analysis were excluded.A total of 24 articles were included. RESULTS：Traditional nondegradable biological prosthesis can serve as filling materials for skull defects.With developing medicine and tissue engineering techniques,various synthesized biomaterials are developed.Currently,organic glass,silicon rubber,titanium mesh,and polymer composite materials have been used in skull defects repair.However,these materials display some disadvantages,such as fragile to aging and damage,difficult to molding,or poor biocompatibility.Of them,titanium mesh,and polymer composite materials have been extensively used for skull defects repair due to good biocompatibility and properties.Autologous cells and scaffold for skull defects repair has become a focus in biomedical engineering.CONCLUSION：Despite titanium mesh,and polymer composite materials have been extensively used for skull defects repair,it remains further development due to their specific disadvantages.