金属及合金材料在口腔应用中的腐蚀性能

Corrosion of dental metal and alloy materials in oral application

目的:探讨影响金属及合金材料在口腔内耐腐蚀性的因素以及提高其耐腐蚀性的方法。方法:以"腐蚀性,耐腐蚀性,牙科合金,口腔修复,口腔材料"为中文关键词;以"Corrosive,Corrosion resistance,Dental alloys,Prosthodontics,Dental Materials"为英文关键词,采用计算机检索PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed0、维普数据库(网址http://www.cqvip.com/)1993-01/2009-10相关文章。纳入与口腔金属及合金材料腐蚀性能研究相关的文章;排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。以15篇文献为主重点探讨了影响金属及合金材料在口腔内的耐腐蚀性的因素。结果:金属及合金材料的腐蚀主要为各种形式的电化学腐蚀,其主要影响因素包括合金的成分、pH值、介质的成分和异种金属等。关于提高金属及合金材料耐腐蚀性能的研究众多,主要为改变牙科合金的成分和表面改性。贵金属元素、惰性元素和易于形成致密氧化膜的活性金属元素耐腐蚀性好,所以开发选用牙科合金时,可以适当多的加入这些元素,以提高合金的耐腐蚀性。深冷处理技术能改善材料的多种机械性能,稳定化学成分,提高抗腐蚀能力和生物相容性,并获得良好的尺寸稳定性。为防止电偶腐蚀,应尽可能选择同种材料或选择电偶序中稳态电位相近的金属或合金作口腔材料。结论:金属及合金材料的性能仍需要改进,仍需要更多的研究来改善牙科合金的耐腐蚀性能和生物相容性,使其对人体的影响降到最低。

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the influencing factors of metal and alloy corrosion resistance in the oral cavity,and to improve its corrosion resistance.METHODS：By using ＂corrosive,corrosion resistance,dental alloys,prosthodontics,dental materials＂ as Chinese keywords and ＂Corrosive,Corrosion resistance,Dental alloys,Prosthodontics,Dental Materials＂ as English keywords,a computer search was performed on PubMed database（http：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed） and VIP Database（http：//www.cqvip.com/） between January 1993 and October 2009.Articles related to the corrosion of dental metal and alloy materials were included;repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded.Fifteen articles mainly focus on the impact factor on the corrosion resistance of dental metals and alloys. RESULTS：The corrosion of metals and alloys mainly is various forms of electrochemical corrosion,the main impact factors include alloy composition,pH value,medium composition and dissimilar metals.There are many studies regarding the improvement of metal and alloy corrosion resistance,mainly by changing the composition and surface modification of dental alloys.Noble metals,inert elements,and active metal elements easy to form dense oxide film all have good corrosion resistance,so these elements are suggested to add more to enhance corrosion resistance when dental alloys are used.Deep cryogenic technology can improve many mechanical properties of materials,stabilize chemical composition,improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility,and get a good dimensional stability.To prevent galvanic corrosion,we should choose the same kind of materials or choose the metals or alloys which are similar to steady electric potential in the galvanic series for dental materials. CONCLUSION：The performance of metal and alloy materials still needs improvement,more researches are deserved to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of dental alloys,thus minimizing the impact on the human body.